Description:

The term “Dwarf Lionfish” typically refers to several smaller species within the scorpionfish family (Scorpaenidae), specifically within the genera Dendrochirus and Parapterois. These captivating fish possess the characteristic venomous spines of their larger lionfish relatives but remain at a more manageable size for smaller aquariums.

Common Species of Dwarf Lionfish:

• Fu Manchu Lionfish (Dendrochirus biocellatus): This is one of the smallest and most popular dwarf lionfish. It’s known for the two prominent black spots on its dorsal fin and its relatively peaceful demeanor compared to larger lionfish. They typically reach about 10-13 cm (4-5 inches).
• Zebra Dwarf Lionfish (Dendrochirus zebra): This species has distinct zebra-like black and white (or reddish-brown) vertical stripes. They are slightly larger than Fu Manchu Lionfish, reaching up to 15-18 cm (6-7 inches).
• Antennata Lionfish (Pterois antennata): While technically a Pterois species (which includes larger lionfish), juveniles and smaller adults are sometimes considered “dwarf” due to their manageable size (up to 20 cm or 8 inches). They have long, feathery pectoral fins and a reddish-brown and white striped pattern.
• Radiata Lionfish (Pterois radiata): Similar to the Antennata Lionfish but with more distinct white bands and a different pattern in the pectoral fins. They can also reach around 20 cm (8 inches).

Aquarium Care for Dwarf Lionfish:

• Minimum Tank Size: A tank of at least 75-110 liters (20-30 gallons) is recommended for a single Fu Manchu or Zebra Dwarf Lionfish. Larger species like Pterois antennata and P. radiata will need at least 150 liters (40 gallons) or more as they mature.
• Water Parameters:
  • Temperature: 22-28C (72-82F) – a heater might be necessary during cooler months.
  • pH: 8.1-8.4
  • Salinity: 1.020-1.025 specific gravity (sg)
  • Alkalinity: 8-12 dKH
  • Nitrate: Below 20 ppm
• Aquascaping: Provide plenty of live rock with caves and crevices for them to hide in. They are ambush predators and will appreciate areas where they can wait for prey.
• Water Flow: Moderate water flow is generally suitable.
• Lighting: Standard reef aquarium lighting is usually sufficient.

Temperament and Tank Mates:

• Dwarf lionfish are predatory and will eat any fish or invertebrate that is small enough to fit in their mouths. This includes small ornamental shrimp, crabs, and small fish.
• They are generally peaceful towards larger fish that they cannot easily swallow.
• They can be territorial towards other lionfish, especially in smaller tanks. Housing multiple lionfish requires a larger, well-established system with plenty of visual barriers.
• Suitable tank mates (with caution):
  • Larger, non-aggressive fish that won’t harass the lionfish (e.g., larger tangs, angelfish, triggerfish – ensure they aren’t known to eat lionfish).
  • Eels (of appropriate size).
  • Larger, more robust invertebrates (knowing the risk).
• Avoid keeping them with:
  • Small fish (e.g., gobies, damselfish smaller than the lionfish’s mouth).
  • Ornamental shrimp, small crabs, and other small crustaceans.
  • Aggressive fish that might nip at their fins.

Diet:

• Dwarf lionfish are carnivores. In the wild, they primarily eat small fish and crustaceans.
• In the aquarium, they can be fed a diet of:
  • Live feeder shrimp (use sparingly due to potential disease transmission and nutritional value).
  • Frozen meaty foods like mysis shrimp, krill, and small pieces of fish or squid. It’s best to train them to accept frozen food offered on a feeding stick to avoid them relying solely on live prey.

Venomous Spines:

• All lionfish possess venomous spines. While the venom of dwarf lionfish is generally less potent than that of larger species, a sting can still be quite painful to humans, causing swelling, redness, and localized pain.
• Exercise extreme caution when working in a tank containing lionfish. Avoid direct contact and use tools for maintenance. If stung, seek medical attention.